![]() It first spread to England where as the "bugle horn" it was gradually accepted by the light dragoons (1764), the Grenadier Guards (1772), light artillery (1788) and light infantry. It was crescent-shaped (hence its name) and comfortably carried by a shoulder strap attached at the mouthpiece and bell. In 1758, the Halbmondbläser (half-moon) was used by light infantry from Hanover, and continued until after 1813. The instrument was used militarily at that point as the "bugle horn." During the last quarter of the 18th century, or by 1800, the half-moon horn was bent further into a loop, possibly first by William Shaw (or his workshop) of London. By the 18th century, Germans had created a "half moon" shaped horn called the halbmondbläser, used by Jäger battalions. One of the variations was to create "sickle shaped" horn or "hunting horns" in the 15th century. These were bent-tube variations that shrunk the long tubes into a manageable size and controlled the way the instruments sounded. Whole lines of brass instruments were created, including initially examples like the clarion and the natural trumpet. Then Europeans took a step that hadn't been part of trumpet making since the Roman ( buccina and cornu) they figured out how to bend tubes without ruining them and by the 1400s were experimenting with new instruments. The first made were the añafil in Spain and buisine in France and elsewhere. The sheet-metal tubular trumpet persisted in the Middle East and Central Asia as the nafir and karnay, and during the Reconquista and Crusades, Europeans began to build them again, having seen these instruments in their wars. After the fall of Rome, when much of Europe was separated from the remaining Eastern Roman Empire, the straight, tubular sheet-metal trumpet disappeared and curved horns were Europe's trumpet. There existed another tradition of trumpets made of straight metal tubes of brass or silver that went back in Europe as far as the Greeks ( salpinx) and Romans ( Roman tuba), and further back to the Etruscans, Assyrians and Egyptians ( King Tut's Trumpet). Historically, horns were curved trumpets, conical, often made from ox or other animal horns, from shells, from hollowed ivory such as the olifant. The modern bugle is made from metal tubing, and that technology has roots which date back to the Roman Empire, as well as to the Middle East during the Crusades, where Europeans re-discovered metal-tubed trumpets and brought them home. The name indicates an animal's (cow's) horn, which was the way horns were made in Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Old English also influences the modern word with bugle, meaning "wild ox." Going back further, it touches on Latin, buculus, meaning bullock. ![]() From French, it reaches back to cor buglèr and bugleret, indicating a signaling horn made from a small cow's horn. The English word, bugle, comes from a combination of words. ![]() ( January 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification.
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